Mary Carol Combs is Associate Professor in the Department of Teaching, Learning, and Sociocultural Studies, University of Arizona. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in bilingual and ESL education, sheltered content instruction and ESL methods, Indigenous language revitalization, and language policy and planning. Her research interests include bilingual education policy and law, sociocultural theory, indigenous language revitalization and development, immigration and education, sheltered instruction and ELL teacher preparation.